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Casio HT-700 / Hohner KS-49 49-Key Synthesizer Spectrum Dynamic Synthesis, 1988, made in Japan

The Casio HT and HZ series are a very interesting group of synthesizers produced from 1987-1991. They use a very specific form of sound generation called "SD Synthesis". Short for "Spectrum Dynamic" SD Synthesis has some things in common with the subtractive synthesis we know and love. The synth takes a waveform and runs it through a real analog VCF (filter). There are ADSR envelopes for the DCA and VCF that shape the sound. And there is an LFO just like on a standard subtractive synth, although this LFO only modulates pitch (vibrato) and volume (tremolo).

Where things get interesting however, is in the choice of waveforms available from the synth engine. There are 32 incredibly varied waveforms, some sound very nasal or narrow, some like saw or square waveforms, some with an odd metallic timbre, and some feature white noise. It's still a mystery exactly how these waves are created, but experts suggest they contain a number of harmonically-rich pulse waves at different octaves, as well as a ring modulator and an analog noise source.

To make things even more interesting, these waves have pre-programmed amounts of PWM and amplitude modulation built into them. For example, one SD wave could contain two pulse waves fading in and out at different times. But you don't have to understand all of this to get the best out of the synth. The mystery and modulation of it all means you can just pick a preset and change the waves around and see what happens. The synth sounds are in the same ballpark as other DCO-synths of the time, and can even sound a little PPG-like on a good day. The filter is a bit weak for bass but adds a nice swoosh to some sounds. There is also a nice chorus effect on board. Additionally, being a home keyboard, it has built-in speakers, a Drum Machine and an Auto-Accompaniment mode (the lower tone is used for accompaniment). The drum sounds resemble the Casio RZ-1 8-bit drum machine.

The low point of the synth is in the programming. You have one big clunky rotary dial and a list of two digit parameters to edit (e.g.: 10 will be cutoff, 11 is resonance) and these parameters are not listed on the panel, so you need the manual with you at all times! MIDI is present, but limited to just 3-channels and has no SysEx support. Kind of a bummer from a synth with such a tedious programming interface.

The HT-3000 has several brothers (also released in 1987). They include the HT-700, which has 49 mini-keys instead of the 3000's 61 full-size keys. It also has a big brother in the HT-6000, which is a 4 DCO, 8 VCF and 64 waveform monster! (And the HT-6000 lists the edit parameter codes on front-panel.) Now, as no one really knows about the HT-series, they go for very little money and can be a great tool in your synth arsenal for unusual sounds!

Hard Reset for CasioHZ/HT-series: Hold "Mode" and "Data" as you power on.

Brand: Casio
Model:HT-700

Device:Synth

Type:Keys

Engine:Type Digital

Engine:VA

Voices (max): 8

Multitimbral: 3

Oscillators: 1

LFO1: LFO with 5 waveforms for the Upper Tone, 1 for the Lower tone. Modulates volume or pitch only.

Noise: 1 DCO. Upper tone: 32 SD waves, Lower Tone: 16 SD waves, Noise generator

Engine: Detailed Y

Filter (VCF): 1 VCF resonant analog lowpass with ADSR envelope

Envelope (VCA): 1 DCA with ADSR envelope

FX: Analog Chorus (3 types)

Memory: 30 preset, 30 user

Keys: 49

Key type: Mini keys

Velocity: No

Aftertouch: No

Midi: I-O-T

Extra info: Drums/accompaniment: 10 user patterns

Produced: 1987 - 1998

Legend:		Obvious	Y: Yes, N: No, N/A: Not Applicable
VCO	Voltage Controlled Oscillator	DCO	Digital Controlled Oscillator
LFO	Low Frequency Oscillator	Sub	Sub Oscillator
VCF	Voltage Controlled Filter	VCA	Voltage Controlled Amplifier
Velocity	As with a piano, the harder you hit a key, the louder the sound, unlike most organs which always produce the same loudness no matter how hard you hit a key.	Aftertouch	Pressing a key after you activated it. Channel Aftertouch, no matter which key, it will send a Channel message. Poly Aftertouch, sends the pressure per key instead of the whole channel.
Values for OSC, LFO, Filter, Envelope are per voice unless stated otherwise.

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Casio PT-30 Electronic Musical Instrument Keyboard, 1982-1983, made in Japan

Link: weltenschule | soundprogramming | muzines |

This keyboard has many similarities with the Casio VL-Tone 1 and PT-1, but unfortunately it is missing the great built-in synthesizer and 3 octave switch of the VL-Tone. Interesting is the single finger chord concept of this instrument, which makes chords selectable by name instead of pressing multiple keys.

The instrument has only a monophonic main voice with 4 channel chords, but it features 18 nice rhythms made from analogue percussion with quite special sounding white noise cymbals. There is also an editable sequencer. A dark grey version of this instrument was released as Casio PT-31.

Main features:

- 31 mini keys
- 12 key buttons + 9 select buttons for direct selectable single finger chords
- built-in speaker with unpleasant, loud mid-range resonance
- monophonic main voice
- 4 note polyphonic chords
- 8 OBS preset sounds {piano, harpsichord, organ, violin, flute, horn, fantasy, mellow}.
- 18 preset rhythms {waltz, ballad, swing, enka, 16 beat, rock 1..3, disco 1..2, bossa- nova, samba, arp. 1..6} made of analogue percussion + bass & piano accompaniment (partly with arpeggio).
- tempo +/- buttons (19 steps, counts -9..9)
- 3 sliders for main, chord & rhythm volume
- sequencer (with edit features, 8 song memories, battery backed-up)
- 2 "one key play" buttons (to play or edit sequencer contents note by note)
- transpose buttons (-9..+3 semitone steps)
- LCD display shows pressed keys and chords (only important for the sequencer)
semi- analogue monophonic sound generator similar like VL-1; the digital envelopes (with audible zipper noise) are linear and thus sounds unrealistic because they fade silent too soon.
simple analogue percussion with transistor noise (low tom, high tom, snare, open & closed hihat,??}
chord sound with fixed timbre (3..4 channel squarewave organ + monophonic bass organ voice)
- multi-chip harware:
* CPU= "NEC D1868G 001, 8319EK" (80 pins SMD)
* SRAM= "HD B, 61914, 3F, 33" (44 pins SMD)
- expansion cartridge slot at the bottom (for cassette saving module)
- tuning trimmer
- sound output & power supply jack
- Dimensions: 415 mm x 143 mm x 40 mm
- Weight: 1.0 kg including batteries
- This keyboard has built-in 0.8-watt mono speaker(s).
- Batteries: AA x 5

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Casio Casiotone MT-65, 1983, made in Japan

RCA output, headphone jack, 20 sounds, 12 beats, accompaniment, 2 forms of sustain, and built-in reverb. The drum machine has a fantastic sound to it. The key sounds are wonderful and can be easy modified with a variety of settings, including the arpeggiator, the waveform modulation, and you can add effects like vibrato, sustain, and reverb.

Link: Owner's Manual PDF Service Manual & Part's List

Specifications
Year Released: 1983
Keyboard: 49 keys
Polyphony: 8 notes
ROM: 20 sounds, 12 rhythms
Effects: vibrato, sustain, reverb
Power Consumption: 2 watts
Dimensions: 633 mm x 188 mm x 71 mm
Weight: 2.6 kg
This keyboard has built-in 1-watt mono speaker(s).
Batteries: 5 x D